When you are diagnosed with breast cancer, the next obvious step is to get rid of it. So, your doctor will discuss each of the available options with you. It would help if you considered the side effects and the possible risks of the different treatment options for breast cancer before starting the treatment. Treatment options for breast cancer Surgery If you need to undergo surgery, the next decision that you have to make is the type of surgery. It predominantly depends on your individual preference as well as the diagnosis. The different types of surgeries include:  Mastectomy It is a simple procedure that involves removing fatty tissues, lobules, ducts, areola, some skin, and nipple. In a few cases, the surgeon might also consider removing the chest wall muscles and the lymph nodes.  Lumpectomy Under this, the tumor and a bit of surrounding healthy tissue are removed. It is a great treatment option for breast cancer and helps in curtailing the spread of cancer. Lumpectomy is usually opted for when the tumor is tiny and easier to separate from the surrounding tissue.  Sentinel node biopsy When breast cancer starts to spread, it first affects the sentinel lymph nodes. Cancer spreads to the other body parts via the lymphatic system.

Hepatitis C is a condition caused by the hepatitis C virus, which leads to infection and inflammation of the liver. Any person suffering from hepatitis C can transmit it to a healthy person through blood or other fluids from the body. Here are the risk factors and treatment options for hepatitis C you should know about. Risk factors associated with hepatitis C People who are at greater risk of getting the disease include the following: People who had to undergo a blood transfusion before 1992 There was no screening test for the hepatitis C virus before 1992. Hence, it became the main reason behind the new cases in the country. Once the blood screening for the virus and effective testing came in 1992, the blood transfusion-related hepatitis C cases were no more found. People who use needles for illegal drugs This is among the most common risk factors of hepatitis C. As many as 80 percent of the users of needles to get illegal drugs get infected with the virus within a span of 6 months to 1 year. People who inhale cocaine Many people share tools such as straws to snort the illegal drug. This increases their chances of getting infected with the virus.

Leukemia or blood cancer is caused when there is a rise in white blood cell count in our body. These white blood cells crowd around the platelets and the red blood cells, which the body needs to stay healthy and strong. These extra white blood cells do not perform as required. But why does it happen? Let us understand the causes and treatment options for leukemia. Causes of leukemia As such, there is no clarity on the cause of leukemia. It is believed that people who develop leukemia have specific unusual chromosomes in the body. However, it is essential to know that it is not these chromosomes that cause leukemia. It is when these chromosomes are triggered that you get leukemia. There are some risk factors, which aggravate your risk of developing leukemia or trigger the chromosome. These are known as risk factors because they heighten your chances of developing leukemia as compared to others. The common risk factors include the following. You have a family history of leukemia. You have any genetic disorder like Down syndrome. You have been exposed to severe levels of radiation. You smoke; smoking aggravates your risk of acute Myeloid leukemia. You underwent treatment for cancer, which involved the use of radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

There are a few things, which aggravate your risk of developing kidney cancer. Though risk factors do heighten your chances of developing cancer, they do not necessarily cause cancer. However, knowing the risk factors and prevention tips for kidney cancer is necessary to keep yourself safe from the disease. Risk factors Smoking The risk of kidney cancer almost doubles when you smoke tobacco. Approximately 30 percent of kidney cancer cases in men are because of smoking. On the other hand, about twenty-five percent of cases in women are attributed to smoking. Sex Men are about two to three times more vulnerable to kidney cancer as opposed to women. Ethnicity The cases of kidney cancer are highest in black people. Age Kidney cancer is more prevalent in adults who are between the age groups of 50-70 years. Weight People who are overweight are at a greater risk of developing kidney cancer. High BP Men who have hypertension or high blood pressure have a greater likelihood of developing kidney cancer. Overuse of a few medications Consumption of painkillers, which have phenacetin, is not allowed in the US. It is believed that these medications can lead to transitional cell carcinoma. In addition to it, analgesic painkillers and diuretics, including ibuprofen, aspirin, and acetaminophen, also put you at risk of kidney cancer.

Migraines can be absolutely debilitating for anyone who experiences them. They lead to excruciating pain, flashing lights, dizziness, nauseousness, extreme fatigue and a variety of other symptoms and painful conditions. When someone feels a migraine coming on, they may avoid socialization, work and other responsibilities due to the effects that come on. If you want to avoid a migraine, you need to avoid certain triggers, including certain smells like those found below that may cause your migraines: 1. Cigarette smoke Cigarette smoke is one of the most harmful things that can enter your airways, to begin with. If you suffer from migraines, inhalation of this smoke can lead to even more pain and more problems. The nicotine that is in the smoke can lead to the constriction of your blood vessels. If the vessels in your brain are constricted, your brain activity can change which can lead to a painful migraine. 2. Food odors Even if you enjoy cooking and enjoy certain foods, food odors can lead to a devastating migraine. The smell of fatty foods, greasy foods and even strong foods such as onions can begin the pain that you are dreading. Even foods that you may have never noticed a smell of before can trigger the pain, especially because many individuals who struggle with migraines have a higher sensitivity to smell when one is about to begin.